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The Journal of Early Adolescence, Vol. 23, No. 4, 349-383 (2003)
DOI: 10.1177/0272431603258344
© 2003 SAGE Publications

Psychological Control During Early Adolescence

Links to Adjustment in Differing Parent/Adolescent Dyads

Kelly N. Rogers

Wake Forest University

Christy M. Buchanan

Wake Forest University

Megan E. Winchell

Wake Forest University

The present study examined the association between adolescent perceptions of parental psychological control and adolescent internalizing and externalizing symptoms across four dyadic relationships (mother/daughter, mother/son, father/daughter, and father/eson) cross-sectionally and longitudinally. Participants were 306 sixth- and seventh-grade students,287 mothers, and 115 fathers, interviewed at two time points one year apart. Cross-sectionally, father psychological control predicted higher adolescent-reported internalizing both for boys and for girls only when mothers also were perceived as high in psychological control. Similarly, but only among girls, father psychological control predicted higher externalizing only when mothers also were perceived as high in psychological control. Longitudinal analyses indicated that adolescents with higher internalizing symptoms at one time are especially likely to perceive parents as using psychological control one year later; earlier psychological control did not predict later internalizing. For externalizing, longitudinal analyses indicated that higher psychological control at one time predicts higher externalizing one year later.

Key Words: psychological control • early adolescence • adolescent adjustment • parent-child dyads • behavioral control


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