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The Journal of Early Adolescence
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0272431609332935v1
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Article

Bullying and Victimization Among Norwegian and Immigrant Adolescents in Norway: The Role of Proactive and Reactive Aggressiveness

Hildegunn Fandrem*, Dagmar Strohmeier, and Erling Roland

* To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: hildegunn.fandrem{at}uis.no.


  Abstract
This study compares levels of bullying others, victimization, and aggressiveness in native Norwegian and immigrant adolescents living in Norway and shows how bullying is related to proactive and reactive aggressiveness. The sample consists of 2,938 native Norwegians (1,521 girls, 1,417 boys) and 189 immigrant adolescents (97 girls, 92 boys) in school grades 8, 9, and 10. Data were collected via self-assessments. Structural equation models were conducted separately for girls and boys in both groups. The levels of victimization, reactive and proactive aggressiveness were the same for both native Norwegians and immigrant adolescents but there was a significant difference in the levels of bullying others. Compared with the native Norwegians, immigrant adolescents were found to be at higher risk of bullying others. Structural models revealed significantly stronger relations between affiliation-related proactive aggressiveness and bullying others in immigrant boys compared with the other groups. This indicates that the wish for affiliation is an important mechanism of bullying others in immigrant boys. We also suggest further research and the practical importance of the findings for prevention of targeting immigrant adolescents.

First published on March 6, 2009, doi:10.1177/0272431609332935

The Journal of Early Adolescence 2009;29:898.

A more recent version of this article appeared on December 1, 2009

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